A novel TIR-derived three-source energy balance model for estimating daily latent heat flux in mainland China using an all-weather land surface temperature product

A reliable thermal-derived method for spatially and temporally continuous latent heat flux (LE) estimates is vital agricultural water resource management. In this study, we proposed a novel three-source LE model (TSLEM) derived by all-weather thermal infrared (TIR) land surface temperature (LST) to generate all-sky daily in mainland China. approach, was partitioned into the energy fluxes from canopy transpiration, soil evaporation, interception respectively. Importantly, new strategy used decompose radiational (Ts), (Tc) (Ti). Then evaporation estimated Penman-Monteith (PM) equation that parameterizes resistance as function of normalized difference index (NDTI) Ts. simplified MOD16 algorithm framework estimate transpiration Priestley-Taylor (PT) evaporation. The validated using 26 eddy covariance (EC) tower sites China across various vegetation types applied spatial results show TSLEM accurately yielded with an average coefficient determination (R2) 0.53 (p<0.01) root-mean-square-error (RMSE) 27.37 W/m2, indicating promising generating LST at regional scale.